Varanasi: The Eternal City, A Tapestry of Time and Spirituality

As you plan your move, it’s fascinating to delve into the history of Varanasi, one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, a living testament to India’s spiritual and cultural heritage.

Varanasi, also known as Benares or Kashi, is considered the spiritual capital of India. Situated on the banks of the sacred River Ganges, its history is as old as civilization itself, often cited as older than history, older than tradition, even older than legend.

A Glimpse into Varanasi’s Past:

• Ancient Origins: Archaeological evidence suggests settlements in the Varanasi region date back to 1800 BCE. It finds mention in ancient Hindu scriptures like the Rigveda, Mahabharata, and Ramayana, indicating its profound spiritual significance from time immemorial. It’s believed to be the abode of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati.
• Center of Learning and Culture: For millennia, Varanasi has been a vibrant hub of education, philosophy, and arts. It attracted scholars, philosophers, poets, and musicians. Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, just outside Varanasi, around 528 BCE, making it a pivotal site for Buddhism. Adi Shankara, Tulsidas, Kabir, Ravidas, and Munshi Premchand are some of the legendary figures associated with this city.
• Golden Age and Mughal Period: Under various dynasties, including the Guptas, Varanasi flourished as a center of trade, weaving (especially silk), and craftsmanship. During the Mughal period, despite periods of destruction of Hindu temples, the city continued to thrive. Emperor Akbar, known for his religious tolerance, is said to have built two large temples for his mother and grandmother at Varanasi.
• Maratha Resurgence: In the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal Empire, Maratha rulers contributed significantly to the reconstruction and development of Varanasi. Many of the famous ghats along the Ganges, like Dashashwamedh Ghat and Manikarnika Ghat, and numerous temples were built or renovated by Maratha, Holkar, and Scindia rulers.
• British Influence: The British East India Company gradually gained control, though Varanasi remained a key spiritual and administrative center. It became a hub for education, with institutions like the Central Hindu College (which later became part of Banaras Hindu University, founded by Madan Mohan Malaviya).
• Freedom Movement and Modern Era: Varanasi played a role in the Indian independence movement. Post-independence, it continued its legacy as a major pilgrimage and tourist destination, attracting millions annually. The city has seen modernization while striving to preserve its ancient character and spiritual essence.

Today, Varanasi remains a bustling city where ancient rituals meet modern life. The ethereal atmosphere of the ghats, the intricate lanes teeming with life, the aroma of traditional food, and the resonating chants create an unparalleled experience. Moving to Varanasi means immersing yourself in a city that is not just a place, but a profound way of life, a confluence of history, spirituality, and culture.