Samastipur, Bihar: A Glimpse into its History and Significance

Samastipur, a district located in the central part of Bihar, was created on November 14, 1972, by separating from the larger Darbhanga district. Situated in the fertile plains of the Ganga and Burhi Gandak rivers, it is primarily an agricultural district, making significant contributions to Bihar’s food production.

The history of Samastipur is deeply rooted in the ancient Mithila region, a land renowned for its rich cultural heritage, scholarly traditions, and the birthplace of Sita (Janaki). The area was influenced by various powerful ancient Indian empires, including the Mauryas, Guptas, and the Pala dynasty.

During the medieval period, the region came under the rule of the Oiniwar dynasty (also known as the Khandwala dynasty of Mithila), who were great patrons of arts and learning. The name “Samastipur” is believed to be derived from “Sumanta-pur,” meaning “a place inhabited by a minister or wise person,” or possibly from a local landowner.

Under British rule, Samastipur gained importance as a railway junction and an agricultural trade center, particularly for tobacco, sugarcane, and paddy. The establishment of the Pusa Agricultural Research Institute (now Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University) in the early 20th century further cemented its position as an agricultural research and education hub, influencing farming practices across India.

Today, Samastipur continues to thrive as a significant agricultural producer for Bihar. It is also an important educational center, particularly in the field of agriculture, and a growing administrative and commercial town. The district embodies a blend of its historical legacy as part of Mithila and its modern role as an agricultural and educational powerhouse.