Nalanda, Bihar: A Glimpse into its Glorious History and Legacy

Nalanda, a district in central Bihar with its administrative headquarters in Bihar Sharif, is a name that resonates globally with ancient wisdom and intellectual pursuit. Though the modern district was formed on 9th November 1972, by bifurcating the original Patna district, its history stretches back millennia, firmly placing it at the heart of India’s golden age.

Nalanda is most famously associated with the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara, a renowned Buddhist monastery and a celebrated center of learning that flourished from the 5th to the 12th century CE. It was one of the world’s first great residential universities, attracting scholars and students from across Asia, including China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, and Central Asia. Scholars like Xuanzang and Yijing from China meticulously documented their experiences here. The university was a beacon of knowledge, teaching a wide range of subjects including Buddhism, philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and arts. The ruins of Nalanda Mahavihara are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, drawing tourists and scholars worldwide.

Historically, the region was part of the powerful Magadha Empire. It witnessed the rule of major dynasties such as the Guptas (under whose patronage Nalanda flourished), the Palas, and later, the Sena dynasty. The area’s fertile plains, irrigated by the River Phalgu and others, have always been conducive to agriculture, contributing to its prosperity.

Today, Nalanda district combines its profound historical legacy with modern development. Besides the ancient university ruins, it is home to Pawapuri, a significant Jain pilgrimage site where Lord Mahavir attained nirvana, and Rajgir, an ancient city important for both Buddhists and Jains, known for its hot springs and scenic beauty. Nalanda continues to be a vibrant center for agriculture, education (including the modern Nalanda University), and tourism, proudly preserving its rich past while moving towards a prosperous future.