Bhagalpur, Bihar: A Glimpse into its Illustrious History

Bhagalpur, situated on the southern bank of the majestic River Ganges, is one of the largest and most significant cities in Eastern Bihar, after the capital, Patna. Often referred to as the “Silk City,” it holds a unique place in India’s history and cultural tapestry, primarily due to its renowned production of Tussar silk fabrics.

The history of Bhagalpur stretches back to ancient times. According to traditions and epic narratives, the region was once part of the Anga Mahajanapada, one of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India. It is famously believed to have been ruled by King Karna during the Mahabharata era. The ancient capital of Anga, Champa (or Champanagari), often associated with modern-day Champanagar near Bhagalpur, was a thriving trade center, even mentioned by Chinese travelers as a major hub with a significant harbor. The name “Bhagalpur” itself is sometimes derived from “Bhagdatpuram,” meaning “city of good luck.”

Throughout its history, Bhagalpur has witnessed the rule of various powerful dynasties, including the Mauryas, Guptas, and Palas. The Pala dynasty, particularly, left an indelible mark on the region. Dharmapala, a prominent Pala ruler (8th-9th century CE), founded the famous Vikramshila University near Bhagalpur, an internationally renowned center of Buddhist learning that attracted scholars and students from across Asia, including Tibet and China.

During the Mughal and later British rule, Bhagalpur continued to be an important administrative and commercial center. Its status as a silk-producing hub flourished, leading to its enduring title as the “Silk City.” Today, Bhagalpur remains a major educational, commercial, and political center, blending its rich historical legacy with modern development. The city is home to important institutions like the Bihar Agricultural University and the Silk Institute, which continue to contribute to its traditional strengths.